feat(shader): add SamplerComponentType enum and infrastructure

- Add SamplerComponentType enum to shader_info.h
- Add ReadTextureComponentType to Environment interface
- Add texture_component_types cache to shader environments
- Update texture descriptor to include component_type field

This is the foundation for proper texture component type handling.

Co-Authored-By: ForrestMarkX <forrestmarkx@outlook.com>
Signed-off-by: Zephyron <zephyron@citron-emu.org>

src/shader_recompiler/environment.h

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2021 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 citron Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 #pragma once
@@ -22,6 +23,8 @@ public:
 
     [[nodiscard]] virtual TextureType ReadTextureType(u32 raw_handle) = 0;
 
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual SamplerComponentType ReadTextureComponentType(u32 raw_handle) = 0;
+
     [[nodiscard]] virtual TexturePixelFormat ReadTexturePixelFormat(u32 raw_handle) = 0;
 
     [[nodiscard]] virtual bool IsTexturePixelFormatInteger(u32 raw_handle) = 0;

src/shader_recompiler/shader_info.h

@@ -158,6 +158,14 @@ enum class ImageFormat : u32 {
     R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT,
 };
 
+enum class SamplerComponentType : u8 {
+    Float,
+    Sint,
+    Uint,
+    Depth,
+    Stencil,
+};
+
 enum class Interpolation {
     Smooth,
     Flat,
@@ -211,6 +219,7 @@ using ImageBufferDescriptors = boost::container::small_vector<ImageBufferDescrip
 
 struct TextureDescriptor {
     TextureType type;
+    SamplerComponentType component_type;
     bool is_depth;
     bool is_multisample;
     bool is_integer;